EDMONDSON, J.

¶ 1 On Sept 18, 2013, Initiative Petition No. 397, State Question 767 was filed with Secretary of State. The Initiative Petition proposes amendments to the State Constitution with an ultimate primary purpose of constructing storm shelters for schools. Proponents also filed with the Secretary of State a proposed ballot title for their proposed Initiative.

¶ 2 The Oklahoma Attorney General disagreed with Proponents' ballot title and then prepared and filed with the Secretary of State a new ballot title for the Initiative. Proponents disagreed with the ballot title prepared by the Attorney General and sought relief from this Court by filing an appeal from the new ballot title. Proponents' application for an order to disqualify the Attorney General from participation in this proceeding was withdrawn by counsel for Proponents during oral argument before the Court en banc and need not be addressed.

I. Attorney General's Jurisdiction to File a New Ballot Title

¶ 3 On Wednesday, September 18, 2013, Initiative Petition No. 397, State Question 767, was filed with Secretary of State by Proponents. On Thursday, September 19, 2013, the Secretary of State sent a notice by Interagency Mail to the Attorney General that an initiative petition had been filed and submitted a copy of the ballot title to the Attorney General. The Attorney General states that the notice from the Secretary of State was received on Friday, September 20, 2013. On Friday September 27, 2013, the Attorney General filed with the Secretary of State a notice that the ballot title did not comply with applicable laws, and that pursuant to 34 O.S.2011 § 9(D) he would prepare and supply to the Secretary of State a ballot title within ten days. On October 11, 2013, the Attorney General filed a ballot title with the Secretary of State.

¶ 4 Proponents argue that the Attorney General has five business days from the date the ballot title is filed with the Secretary of State to file an objection to a ballot title. They submit that they filed the ballot title on Wednesday September, 18, 2013, and that the Attorney General's objection filed on Friday, September 27, 2013, was beyond the five-day limit. They contend that the Attorney General lost jurisdiction to file an objection when the five-day period expired.

¶ 5 The Attorney General argues that the five-day period for him to file an objection to a ballot title commences when a ballot title is filed with the Attorney General by a proponent. The Attorney General submits that the Proponent failed to file the ballot title with the Attorney General and that this fiveday period never commenced. Proponents argue that they are not required to file copies of a proposed initiative and ballot title with the Attorney General. The Attorney General also argues that his objection to the ballot title was filed with the Secretary of State within five business days from the date he received copies of the initiative petition and ballot title from the Secretary of State via interagency mail.

¶ 6 The parties have different views on the meaning of language in 34 O.S.2011 § 9(A), (B), & (D). The relevant language states that:

34 O.S.2011 § 9(A) (emphasis added).

34 O.S.2011 § 9(B) (emphasis added).

34 O.S.2001 § 9(D)(1) (emphasis added).

¶ 7 Section 9(A) states that the "parties submitting the measure" must prepare and file one copy of the "measure" with the Secretary of State and one copy with the Attorney General In § 9(A) "submitting the measure" identifies who is required to file a copy of the measure with both the Attorney General and the Secretary of State.

¶ 8 Section 9(B) states that the parties "submitting the measure" "shall also submit a suggested ballot title...." Section 9(B) does not expressly identify the Secretary of State, Attorney General or both are to receive the submitted ballot title. However, a party's duty to submit the ballot title is expressly stated to be performed with the act of submitting the proposed measure to the Attorney General and Secretary of State. Section 9(B) plainly states that the parties "submitting the measure" shall also submit a suggested ballot title.

¶ 9 The primary goal in reviewing a statute is to ascertain legislative intent, if possible, from a reading of the statutory language in its plain and ordinary meaning.1 This is so because the plain words of a statute are deemed to express legislative authorial intent in the absence of any ambiguity or conflict in language.2 The test for ambiguity in a statute is whether the statutory language is susceptible of more than one reasonable interpretation.3 Generally, and consistent with a court's construction of alleged ambiguity in a contract,4 a judicial determination of the presence of more than one reasonable construction of the statutory language, i.e., ambiguity, presents a question of law5 because the determination that a statutory construction is reasonable is based initially on a plain meaning of the words in the statute where no fact is disputed.6 The plain language of § 9(A) & (B) states that the ballot title is submitted with the measure, and the measure is submitted to both the Attorney General and the Secretary of State. We hold that Proponents were required to file or submit a copy of initiative petition and a copy of the ballot title to the Attorney General when they filed the initiative petition and ballot title with the Secretary of State.

¶ 10 The next argument made by the parties is whether the five business days for the Attorney General to object to a ballot title commence on (1) the day a proponent files the initiative petition and ballot title with the Secretary of State, or (2) the date the initiative petition and ballot title are filed with the Attorney General, or (3) the date the Attorney General receives notice from the Secretary of State that an initiative petition and ballot title have been filed.

¶ 11 The Attorney General's argument is that 34 O.S. § 9 should be construed to mean that the filed copy of the ballot title which it reviews for legal correctness is the one filed with the Attorney General, and that the filing of this copy with the Attorney General is also the event which commences the Attorney's General's five-day period to file an objection to the ballot title. We reject that construction of 34 O.S. § 9, as contrary to the plain language of that statute.

¶ 12 The statutory language providing the Attorney General five business days to object to a ballot title does not occur in isolation from the rest of the statute in which it appears. The five-day period occurs not in paragraphs "A" or "B" but in paragraph "C" and immediately following a sentence stating that: "After the filing of the petition and prior to the gathering of signatures thereon, the Secretary of State shall submit the proposed ballot title to the Attorney General for review as to legal correctness." This sentence refers to the Secretary of State performing the act of submitting a copy of the ballot title to the Attorney General "for review as to legal correctness." The plain language of the statute states that the reason the Secretary of State submits a copy of the ballot title to the Attorney General is for the Attorney General to determine the legal correctness of the ballot title. Because of this duty on the Secretary of State to submit a copy of the ballot title to the Attorney General for review as to legal correctness, we conclude that the copy that the Secretary of State submits to the Attorney General is a copy of the ballot title filed of record with the Secretary of State.

¶ 13 Further, the language "[w]ithin five (5) business days after the filing of the measure and ballot title the Attorney General shall, in writing, notify the Secretary of State whether or not the proposed ballot title complies with applicable laws" occurs immediately after language stating that the Secretary of State has a duty to provide a copy of the ballot title to the Attorney General for the purpose of this determination. The statutory language does not state that the five-day period commences upon the date the Attorney General receives notice of the filing from the Secretary of State.

¶ 14 During oral argument before the Court en banc, counsel for the Attorney General argued that the Attorney General's construction of 34 O.S. § 9 was a long-standing construction of a statute by a state agency, and that a long-standing construction should be given deference by the Court. We agree that deference may be afforded to the long-standing construction of a statute by a state agency.7 We also recognize that continual construction of a statute by the agency charged to enforce it must be given great weight; and that when the Legislature has convened many times during a period in which an administrative agency has construed a statute and it has not expressed its disapproval with that construction, the Legislature's silence may be regarded as acquiescence in or approval of the agency's construction.8 However, upon a closer examination of the Attorney General's argument, we conclude that these principles do not apply.

¶ 15 Generally, a published Attorney General Opinion may be persuasive authority for a court, but a court is not bound by the Opinion of the Attorney General.9 It is also correct that legislative silence after promulgation of a published Attorney General Opinion may be judicially construed as a legislative approval of an Attorney General's construction of an ambiguous and uncertain statute.10 But in the matter before us, no published Attorney General Opinion has been cited in support of the Attorney General's construction of 34 O.S. § 9. We have no Attorney General Opinion before us that would allow us to examine its ratio decidendi for a quality of persuasiveness in legal argument. No published agency rule has been cited by the Attorney General.11 The record of facts before us contains no reference to a previous public construction of 34 O.S. § 9 by the Attorney General on the issues before the Court.12

¶ 16 Deference given to a state agency's construction of a statute is based upon the statute's language being ambiguous or uncertain,13 and the fact that the agency's construction must be legally reasonable when applied to the circumstance,14 and the agency's construction must be consistent and continual in a public manner so that the Legislature has notice of the construction by the agency.15 Is 34 O.S. § 9 ambiguous and uncertain? We think not, and rules of construction for determining legislative intent for an ambiguous statute are not needed in this case.

¶ 17 Prior to 1994, paragraph § 9(D) expressly provided for the five-day period to commence on the date the ballot title was filed "with the Attorney General."16 In 1994 this language expressly stating that the five-day period commenced upon filing with the Attorney General was removed from the statute by legislative amendment.17 The 1994 amendment also added language that the Secretary of State "shall submit the proposed ballot title to the Attorney General for review as to legal correctness."18 In one legislative act the Secretary of State was given the duty of providing a copy of the ballot title to the Attorney General for a review of the ballot title's legal correctness and the date to commence the five-day period for the Attorney General to file an objection was changed.19

¶ 18 During oral argument before the Court en banc, counsel for the Attorney General argued that a "five full days" were needed by the Attorney General to examine a proposed initiative and ballot title to make a correctly reasoned and informed approval of, or objection to, a ballot title, and that the Attorney's General's five-day limit should not be shortened by whatever means the Secretary of State may, in his or her discretion, use to provide a copy of the ballot title to the Attorney General In the absence of evidence to the contrary, a court will generally presume that a public official will act in good faith to perform the official's duties and will faithfully discharge the duties the law imposes on the official.20 We decline to assume that a Secretary of State will select a method of notice that is inconsistent with 34 O.S. § 9(D), or that a Secretary of State is either unwilling or unable to convey a copy of the ballot title to the Attorney General immediately upon its filing when the Secretary of State performs this duty imposed by 34 O.S. § 9(D).

¶ 19 Because of the arguments of the parties, we must note that the day an initiative petition is filed with the Secretary of State is not counted as the first day of the five-day period because fractions of a day are disregarded in statutory computations which include more than one day and when there is no question of priority involved.21 We must note that § 9(D) does not use the language suggested by the Attorney General that it is necessary that he be provided "five full days" to file a response to the ballot title. The statute requires the Attorney General's response within five days from the filing with the Secretary of State. We also note that the "five days" is further defined by the statute as five business days. We construe the phrase "business" to be consistent with 25 O.S. Supp.2012 § 82.1, and therefore exclude statutory "holidays" defined in § 82.1, so that a business day would be Monday through Friday, inclusive, and does not include Saturday, Sunday, or any statutorily listed holiday in § 82.1 which may fall on any day within the five-day period after the initiative petition and ballot title are filed with the Secretary of State.22

¶ 20 After a proponent submits a copy of both the proposed measure and ballot title to both the Secretary of State and the Attorney General, and before signatures are collected, the Secretary of State submits the proposed ballot title to the Attorney General for review as to legal correctness, and the Attorney General must respond within five business days, and the response must state whether a proposed ballot title complies with applicable laws.23 If the Attorney General objects to the ballot title, then the Attorney General must file with the Secretary of State a corrected ballot title within "ten (10) business days of determining that the proposed ballot title is defective."24

¶ 21 The ballot title was filed with the Secretary of State on Wednesday, September 18, 2013. The first day of the five-day period was Thursday, September 19, 2013, and the fifth day was Wednesday, September 25, 2013. The response was filed by the Attorney General with the Secretary of State on Friday, September 27, 2013. The response was filed two days late. Proponents argue that the Attorney General had ten business days from September 25, 2013, to file a new ballot title and the new ballot title had to be filed by Wednesday, October 9, 2013. They argue that the ballot title filed by the Attorney General on Friday, October 11, 2013, was untimely and of no legal effect. However, if the filing of the Attorney General on September 27, 2013, although untimely, still retained legal efficacy, then the ballot title filed by the Attorney General on October 11, 2013, was on the tenth business day after he filed his initial response to ballot title.

¶ 22 Proponents argue that the 34 O.S. § 9(D) duty imposed on the Attorney General is a mandatory duty to file a response within five business days; and then if an objection to the ballot title is timely made, the duty to file a new ballot title within ten business days is also a mandatory duty. Proponents conclude that because the time limit is mandatory it is also jurisdictional. They state that the Attorney General lost jurisdiction to respond to the ballot title and to file a new ballot title when he did not file within five days from the date the ballot title was filed with the Secretary of State.

¶ 23 Generally, the legal principle which has been followed in this jurisdiction for many years is that a public official performing a statutorily required duty will not be divested of jurisdiction to perform that duty by the mere passage of time unless the statute also states that the duty shall not be performed by that official after the expiration of a certain time or date. For example, in School District No. 61, Payne County v. Consolidated District No. 2, Coyle, Logan County, 1925 OK 518, 110 Okla. 263, 237 P. 1110, we stated the following:

School District No. 61, Payne County, 237 P. at 1111 (emphasis added).

Application of School District No. 61, Payne County, supra, requires an examination of 34 O.S. § 9, and a determination if any words state that the acts required by the Attorney General shall not be done in any other manner or time than that designated. There is no express language in 34 O.S. § 9 which removes jurisdiction from the Attorney General to file an objection to a ballot title two days late, and there is nothing in the plain language of § 9 indicating a legislative intent to remove the Attorney General from the ballot title procedure by an untimely response to the filing of an initiative or ballot title.25

¶ 24 Our opinion in School District No. 61, Payne County, supra, was released in 1925 and applied a principle used by several courts since at least 1852.26 Proponents have not made any argument that the holding in School District No. 61, Payne County, supra, has been superseded. The rationale used in School District No. 61, Payne County, supra, is found in other contexts such as the general rule that jurisdiction of a court, once correctly invoked, will not usually be divested by a subsequent event such as the passage of time unless a statute expressly states the contrary or if a legislative intent is shown that would make a time limit mandatory.27 Proponents have not made any argument that a recognized public policy calls for modifying or overruling School District No. 61, Payne County, supra. The Legislature is certainly aware that in the context of the initiative process it may restrict a filing after a certain date, and appears to have used such language in 34 O.S.2011 § 4, where with reference to filing signature sheets with the Secretary of State it has enacted language stating that "additional signature sheets shall not be accepted after 5:00 p.m. on the ninetieth day."28

¶ 25 We recognize the possibility that a statute may express a mandatory requirement in the absence of express language stating that the requirement is mandatory. Several rules of construction may be used to make a determination whether express language is necessary to create mandatory law or alter certain legal interests in a particular circumstance.29 Specifically, when examining whether statutory language is mandatory in the context of statutorily specified time limits, the Court may examine whether statutory time limits "attach directly to the right created."30 Before us today we have no authority cited in either briefs or in oral argument concerning whether express language is necessary to show a mandatory statutory requirement in this context or whether the five-day limit attaches to a right itself. However, the issue presented is publici juris because it concerns the proper procedure used by the People when enacting legislation.31 Because the issue is publici juris and no additional evidence is necessary to adjudicate an issue of law, we may nevertheless adjudicate the issue whether the five-day period is mandatory in nature.32

¶ 26 The purpose of the statutory initiative process is to provide a procedure where the People, the citizens of Oklahoma, exercise their right of initiative whereby they propose bills and laws and enact them or reject them at the polls independent of legislative assembly.33 This right of the People to enact laws through an initiative petition process is reserved in Article V § 1 of the Oklahoma Constitution,34 and we have explained that the People's right is a fundamental and precious right zealously protected by this Court.35 Proponents view the Attorney General's participation in the initiative petition process in this case as an obstruction to the People's right of initiative. We disagree. As we explain herein, the Attorney General's participation is not as a typical counsel in an adversarial litigation dispute. An Attorney General does not use the People's initiative process as a vehicle to champion his or her political positions. An Attorney General's participation in an initiative process is as a neutral legal advisor for the People. The Attorney General is required by statute to give an opinion on a ballot title proposed with an initiative petition and is required by statute to defend ballot titles, either those filed by proponents which he approves, or those authored and filed by the Attorney General. Participation by the Attorney General in every initiative petition proceeding is required by statute.

¶ 27 The Constitution grants to the People a right to an initiative and states that the Legislature shall make suitable provisions for carrying into effect this right,36 and the statutorily required participation by the Attorney General in the ballot title process is part of the initiative process for carrying into effect the right of the People. As we note herein, a properly worded ballot title is one means used to combat fraud and deceit in the initiative process. The ballot title functions as a safeguard to protect the initiative right of the People, and "we will not cripple, avoid or deny by technical construction the initiative right."37 This portion of Proponents' argument ultimately rests upon a technical construction that the five-day filing period for the Attorney General in 34 O.S. § 9(D) must be attached to a right possessed by, and litigated by, an Attorney General. We reject this view as contrary to the plain language of 34 O.S. § 9(D) and conclude that the five-day period § 9(D) does not attach directly to a statutorily created right possessed by the Attorney General. The plain language of the statute places a duty upon the Attorney General that is the nature of the exercise of a governmental function that is part of a legislative process used by the People.

¶ 28 Proponent's jurisdiction argument requires a determination whether the Legislature "had uppermost in mind" the effect of the procedural step at issue upon the process, and whether the Legislature intended it not as a "mere procedural step" but a requirement that was essential to the result of the process or the Legislature's intended goal.38 In Proponents' argument, the "procedural step" which they urge as jurisdictional is the timeliness of the response filed by the Attorney General. However, we find no legislative intent in the plain language of the statute to make the timeliness of the response an essential or critical step in the result of the initiative process.

¶ 29 Our conclusion will not impose any additional burden upon the People to propose initiatives. This is so because (1) the Attorney General concedes that timeliness of his actions may be controlled by mandamus, and (2) as explained herein, we recognize that a proponent's ninety-day period to collect signatures may commence after a ballot title appeal in accordance with the plain language and meaning of the ballot title statutes and prior opinions of this Court.

¶ 30 We have stated the general rule that "Those who challenge the validity of actions of public officials apparently within their statutory powers must carry the burden of demonstrating such invalidity."39 Proponents have not met their burden to show that the Attorney General's filing two days late deprived the filing of legal effect. We reject the argument made by Proponents that the time limits for the Attorney General in 34 O.S. § 9(D) are jurisdictional. We hold that the Attorney General's § 9(D) response to a ballot title required by law to be filed within five days from the date the ballot title is filed with the Secretary of State is statutorily effective although the Attorney General's filing is two days late. School District No. 61, Payne County, supra.

¶ 31 Although we reject Proponents' argument that the five-day time limit for the Attorney General in 34 O.S. § 9(D) is jurisdictional, we must note that an Attorney General may not thwart an initiative by failing to file a response to the filings with the Secretary of State. Counsel for the Attorney General observed in his brief and during oral argument that the proper judicial remedy for a violation of this five-day deadline would be a writ of mandamus to compel a response.40 We also note that although the Attorney General states that mandamus may be used, he also invokes the substantial compliance standard of 34 O.S. § 24.41

¶ 32 In some circumstances, judicial application of a substantial compliance standard to a duty to take an action within a defined period of time may result in an excused performance within that time period.42 Although not expressly argued as a syllogism, when his § 24 substantial-compliance-standard argument is combined with his argument that after receipt of the ballot title by the Attorney General a "full five days" of legal research is needed by the attorney(s) assigned to review a proposed ballot title and file a response with the Secretary of State, he is essentially creating a syllogism with the conclusion that he should be excused from the five-day period for filing a response to a ballot title because factual circumstances prevent him from meeting this deadline. With this conclusion, the Attorney General's hypothetical mandamus action would not turn on whether the Attorney General had missed the five-day deadline, but whether the Attorney General had sufficient factual reasons for delay past the five-day deadline and only when such reasons were legally insufficient would the writ issue.43 We decline to adopt this view.

¶ 33 There is no suggestion or evidence before us from the Attorney General that fulfilling the duty to file an initial response to a ballot title takes more than five days. We assume that a Secretary of State will act in good faith and perform his or her duty and provide a copy of ballot title to an Attorney General immediately upon its filing. Berryman v. Bonaparte, supra. We also assume that an Attorney General will act in good faith and perform his or her duty and file a timely response to any ballot title filing with the Secretary of State. Id.

¶ 34 We agree with that part of the Attorney General's statement that the statutory role of the Attorney General in drafting a ballot title does not place him in the usual and ordinary adversarial posture that occurs in a litigation context, or provide him with a public platform to express political views. He represents all of the People in the context of either approving a ballot title written by others or providing one which he authors. The purpose of a ballot title along with the gist appearing on a signature page is to prevent deceit and fraud in the initiative process.44 We agree with the Attorney General that he is required by statute to be made a defendant if anyone timely objects to a proposed ballot title,45 and he must defend a ballot title, either one prepared by a proponent which he approved and did not alter, or one he authored and substituted for the initial title. His filing a response to the ballot title is an important step in the process of the initiative to help prevent deceit and fraud, and that filing should not be made ineffective in the absence of legislative intent requiring that result.

¶ 35 Ideally, in this limited role as a legal advisor to the People, the Attorney General is not merely reactive to a particular proponent of an initiative who fails to provide him with statutorily required notice, or merely reactive to a particular Secretary of State who selects a means of notice to the Attorney General that is less than immediate. But rather, that he takes positive action for a quick review of the ballot title once it is filed with the Secretary of State and he has notice of its filing. Ideally, a proponent of an initiative and a Secretary of State would provide the Attorney General with the types of notice which the statutes require and the Attorney General needs. We are confident that proponents of initiatives, the Secretary of State, and the Attorney General will work together in the future to avoid the procedural issues which are a large part of this controversy.

¶ 36 Any person who is dissatisfied with the wording of ballot title for an initiative petition may bring a proceeding in this Court pursuant to 34 O.S. § 10.46 The Attorney General is required to "defend the ballot title from which the appeal is taken."47 Oklahoma Supreme Court Rule 1.194 provides that an objection to an initiative petition is commenced in the Supreme Court and the controversy proceeds in accordance with the procedures set out in 34 O.S. § 8. It further states that the proceeding shall be treated as an original action, and that the parties shall be afforded a trial de novo.48 The procedure for an appeal of a ballot title is the same for proceedings challenging the petition when no statutory conflict necessarily exists between the statutes for the two types of proceedings.49

¶ 37 Generally, statutes on the same subject matter are viewed in pari materia and construed together as a harmonious whole giving effect to each provision.50 However, we need not rely on this principle as a rule of statutory construction because the plain language of 34 O.S. §§ 8, 9, 10 and 11 make express reference to each other and expressly require that the statutes be construed and applied together. For example:

34 O.S.2011 § 8(B) (emphasis added).

34 O.S.2011 § 10(A) (emphasis added).

34 O.S.2011 § 11 (emphasis added).

The plain language in these statutes requires applying them together as a whole because: (1) § 8 refers to the Attorney General's ballot title in § 9 and an appeal with reference to § 10; (2) § 10 refers to both §§ 8 and 9 for application of § 10; and (3) § 11 refers to the appeal "provided for in the preceding section," (i.e., § 10), and then incorporates consistent § 8 procedure for initiative appeals into the procedure for a ballot title appeal by using the phrase, "Other procedure upon such appeals shall be the same as is prescribed for appeals from petitions filed as set forth in Section 8 of this title." Section 9 refers to the requirements for a ballot title and the procedure for a ballot title prepared by the Attorney General, and it provides that if an appeal is taken from a ballot title within the time specified in Section 10 of this title, then the Secretary of State shall certify to the Secretary of the State Election Board the ballot title which is finally approved by the Supreme Court. 34 O.S.2011 § 9(D)(2). These statutes clearly and plainly provide that any person who is dissatisfied with the ballot title may file an appeal in this Court, the Attorney General defends the action, the procedure for a ballot title appeal is governed by the specific statutes for such, and then additional consistent procedures from initiative appeals are incorporated into ballot title appeals by 34 O.S. § 11.

¶ 38 Proponents argue that the Attorney General has failed to meet his burden of proof in this proceeding. They argue that the Attorney General must meet the burden of showing that the ballot title proposed by Proponents is legally insufficient. We disagree with the conclusion made by Proponents.

¶ 39 Generally, the party invoking a court's judicial discretion with a request for judicial relief must satisfy the applicable burden for the relief sought. A burden to present facts, claims and legal arguments falls on the party who asserts an entitlement to the judicial relief sought.51 An appeal of a ballot title is prosecuted using the Court's original jurisdiction.52 In an original jurisdiction proceeding a petitioner has the burden to produce facts in support of a claim,53 as well as a burden to present legal issues with supporting authority.54 In the present context, the burden on Proponents is to raise legal issues in a procedurally proper manner and show those facts in a procedurally proper manner which are necessary to support the legal issues Proponents raise.

¶ 40 When an Attorney General changes a ballot title, the ballot title written by the Attorney General becomes the ballot title for that initiative unless the title is altered on an appeal to this Court. The Attorney General's ballot title is the one "from which the appeal is taken." 34 O.S. § 10. The party bringing an appeal shall file a "petition in which shall be offered a substitute ballot title." Id. In the present case, it is the ballot title filed by the Attorney General which is the ballot title of the initiative, unless changed on appeal. The Court has accepted a ballot title written by an Attorney General when the Court could not conclude that the text for the ballot title was "clearly contrary" to the command of statutory law.55 We have stated, "Where the title submitted by the Attorney General is found sufficient it is generally approved and utilized regardless of the sufficiency of those submitted by other parties."56 The burden is on Proponents to show that the ballot title prepared by the Attorney General is clearly contrary to either statutory law or the Oklahoma Constitution.

¶ 41 Petitioners' initially proposed ballot title, now the substitute ballot title offered on appeal, states as follows:

¶ 42 The current ballot title for the initiative, the ballot title prepared by the Attorney General, states as follows:

¶ 43 A ballot title has six basic requirements set forth in 34 O.S. § 9(B). A suggested ballot title:

34 O.S.2011 § 9(B), in part.

¶ 44 Proponents' arguments against the Attorney General's ballot title are that it is legally incorrect and displays partiality. In their original brief the only argument challenging the ballot title is that it "is designed to over emphasize the franchise tax issue and under emphasize the true purpose of the Initiative which is storm shelters and secure areas for schools and children ... The proposal from the Attorney General is misleading, confusing and will not help the average voter when he or she votes." Their Supplemental Brief makes the following four arguments against the ballot title.

These first three arguments object to ¶ 2 of the title which states that:

¶ 45 Proponents object to the first sentence and state that it reflects partiality. The sentence: "The measure does not provide for new State revenues to pay for the bonds" is factually correct, as the measure states that the franchise tax in "section 1201 et seq. of Title 68" will be used to pay the bond obligation.

¶ 46 During oral argument before the Court en banc, Proponents refined this argument and used the language in the first sentence and the mention of "franchise tax" in more than one place in the ballot title as evidence of partiality. In other words, they argued that the Attorney General overemphasized use of the franchise tax, and it is this overemphasis which shows partiality.

¶ 47 The proposed measure contains the following language.

Two paragraphs of this proposed measure expressly refer to the franchise tax and one refers to "the revenues" which is a reference to revenue from the franchise tax. A ballot title shall explain the effect of a proposition. 34 O.S. § 9(B)(2). We may summarize the effect of these paragraphs and enumerate the references in the measure to franchise tax revenue as follows:

In the proposed measure there are three express references to the franchise tax revenue and one grammatical reference, or a total of four references. In the Attorney General's ballot title there are five references to the franchise tax revenue that are used to explain the four references we have identified in the proposed measure. We also note that the phrase "franchise tax(es)" expressly appears four times in Proponent's proposed ballot title.

¶ 48 The difference of one reference is attributed to the sentence in the Attorney General's ballot title which states that "Under the measure State franchise tax revenues would no longer go into the General Revenue Fund, which is the primary fund used to pay for State Government." The proposed measure does refer to the General Revenue Fund in paragraph "G" of the measure but without giving a definition for "General Revenue Fund." This reference to the Fund in the proposed measure, as well as the express reference to the Fund in Proponent's substitute title, are not references to the franchise tax revenue going into the Fund prior to an enactment of the measure.

¶ 49 In one case we stated that a single sentence may express partiality and be argumentative, if when explaining a proposed measure it also includes what other states have done or might do with a proposal similar to that to be voted on by the citizens in Oklahoma.57 For the purpose of examining partiality in a ballot title, we noted the difference between a ballot title stating what other States might do and what the proposed Oklahoma measure would do under then current law.58 In this circumstance, the possibility of what voters in other states would do was considered to be beyond the legal effect or legal scope of the proposed measure; i.e., it amounted to a policy argument and not a statement of a legal effect created by the enactment of the proposed measure.

¶ 50 A similar issue arose in another case where we discussed legal effect and noted that a portion of a ballot title was misleading. The misleading nature of language in the title was not because the title expressed something as a legal effect when it was a contingency, but because the title did not explain the correlation between the contingency and the legal effect of the measure.59

¶ 51 Current law states that the franchise tax shall be deposited into the General Revenue Fund.60 Proponents do not dispute that the General Revenue Fund is the primary fund used to pay for state government.61 While the measure does not state that the current franchise tax is paid into the General Revenue Fund, and the measure does not define "General Revenue Fund," one effect from the proposed measure is clearly to change the franchise tax revenue from deposit into the Fund to a dedicated purpose of funding the construction of storm shelters. Proponents argue that "[w]here the revenue of the franchise tax is currently being deposited is irrelevant and has no impact as to the legal correctness of the ballot title as it does not matter where such revenue is deposited since the petition would direct that the revenue from the franchise tax be used to repay the bond debt." Section 9(B) expressly states that the ballot title: "Shall explain in basic words, which can be easily found in dictionaries of general usage, the effect of the proposition." 34 O.S. § 9(B)(2). Since (1) the franchise tax is currently being collected and being used for one use (deposited in the General Revenue Fund) and the measure states a new use for the tax (to pay for bonds), and (2) one purpose of a ballot title is to explain the effect of a proposed measure with reference to current law, the Attorney General did not impermissibly explain that funds currently being deposited in one fund will be used for a different purpose. We do not find the one additional reference to the franchise tax and the definition of the General Revenue Fund to be argumentative or displaying partiality.

¶ 52 A ballot title shall not exceed two hundred words, 34 O.S. § 9(B)(1). We do not view the use of five references to the franchise tax as opposed to four to be excessive to the point of displaying partiality when the Attorney General is attempting to summarize a measure in less than two hundred words and uses grammatical shortcuts to achieve this goal.

¶ 53 Stating that funds currently deposited in one fund will be used for a different purpose does not, by itself state that a "harm" will occur to that fund. The claim that the title is contrary to law because the Legislature could change the state fund where franchise taxes are deposited, or change their use prior to a vote on the proposed measure, is a claim simply without merit. The ballot title is required to state its effect on current law. While it is certainly possible that a Legislature could create a law with an effective date sufficiently in the future so as to have an impact upon an initiative petition, Proponents have pointed to no law which has been created for a future effective date that would alter the proposed measure's legal effect.

¶ 54 Proponents object to the last paragraph of the Attorney General's ballot title and argue that it is legally incorrect. The last paragraph states: "In authorizing these bond and grant programs, the measure creates exceptions to the Constitution's prohibitions on gifts and the use of the state's credit." Their objection is that passage of the measure itself provides for amending the Constitution.

¶ 55 We note that while Proponents' substitute title does not mention gifts or the state's credit, the proposed measure states in paragraph "F" that the use of the franchise tax for the storm shelters as authorized by this subsection "... shall not be deemed a gift of state tax revenues" and in paragraph "M" the measure states that:

Proponents argue that the proposed measure states that the Constitution "is amended," and their substitute ballot title states that "The Oklahoma State Constitution is being amended to allow state bond money to pay for shelters and secure areas in schools." The Attorney General argues that while bond money is to be used to pay for shelters, the proposed measure also enacts a means or method for attaining this goal or ultimate purpose, and that means is achieved by amending the Constitution and creating exceptions to the Constitution's prohibitions on gifts and the use of the state's credit. Proponents' have not demonstrated that the Attorney General has incorrectly stated the legal effect of the measure on this point.

¶ 56 Proponents also argue that the Attorney General makes a claim that "there may not be any funds available to pay the bond holders," and Proponents argue that the statement "... is false, so this false statement is irrelevant to the legal correctness of the ballot title as submitted by the Petitioners." The Attorney General's ballot title does not contain this language. The actual statement in the ballot title is: "In any year in which the franchise tax revenues are not sufficient to make annual payments, the Legislature, at its discretion, could use General Revenue Fund monies to make the annual bond payment." The actual statement in the proposed measure states that:

The language in the Attorney General's ballot title summarizes this language in the proposed measure and is not misleading.

¶ 57 Proponents argue that the Attorney General's ballot title creates doubt whether the Legislature is required to repay the bond obligations. Again the actual provision of the Attorney General's ballot title states that: "In any year in which the franchise tax revenues are not sufficient to make annual payments, the Legislature, at its discretion, could use General Revenue Fund monies to make the annual bond payment" Again, this language summarizes paragraph "G" of the measure and is not misleading. The Attorney General correctly indicates that the Legislature could use funds from the General Revenue Fund or from another source to repay the bond obligations. Paragraph "G." of the proposed measure states that "... the Legislature may use monies in the General Revenue Fund of the state...." (emphasis added). The Attorney General's ballot title language is not a false statement.

¶ 58 Proponents state that the ballot title reflects partiality because it states that franchise taxes will not be paid into the General Revenue Fund. The substitute ballot title by Proponents discusses a relationship between the franchise tax and the General Revenue Fund: "If money from franchise tax was not enough, the Legislature could use the General Revenue Fund to repay the bonds." Proponents challenge the meaning of language on a point which they have in their substitute ballot. The Attorney General's language explains the effect of the proposition, and under current law, is factually correct. This objection is without merit.

¶ 59 If the Attorney General's text for the ballot title is not "clearly contrary" to the command of statutory law, then his ballot title is accepted and the Court need not examine Petitioners' substitute ballot. A ballot title must reflect the character and purpose of the measure and it must not be deceptive or misleading and it must also be free from uncertainty and ambiguity.62 We have stated that: "The test is whether the title is couched in such a way that voters are afforded an opportunity to fairly express their will, and whether the question is sufficiently definite to apprise voters with substantial accuracy what they are asked to approve."63

¶ 60 Nothing in Proponents' arguments show where the Attorney General's ballot title fails to state the legal effect of the proposed measure under current law. Further, we conclude that the Attorney General's proposed ballot title fulfills the requirements of 34 O.S.2001 § 9, because it accurately reflects the effects of the proposed amendment to the State Constitution by informing the electorate concerning the principle thrust of the proposition; i.e., to fund the construction of storm shelters by using franchise tax revenues, bonds, and other resources within the discretion of the Legislature.

¶ 61 In their Supplemental Brief, Proponents cite 34 O.S. § 8(E) and request an additional ninety (90) days to collect signatures, and they make a more developed argument in their Reply Brief where they rely upon In re Initiative Petition No. 315, State Question No. 553, 1982 OK 15, 649 P.2d 545, 553 and 34 O.S. § 9(D) and a former version of 34 O.S. § 8.

¶ 62 In re Initiative Petition No. 315, supra, states that "The 90-day period for circulation does not begin until the proposed title has been reviewed by the Attorney General, the 10-day appeal period has expired, and any appeals timely filed, exhausted." 649 P.2d at 553. The Attorney General argues that: (1) When In re Initiative Petition No. 315, State Question No. 553, supra, was decided the ballot title was part of the petition that was submitted to the Attorney General, (2) The ballot title is no longer part of the petition submitted to the Attorney General, and (3) The language in In re Initiative Petition No. 315, is no longer good law on this point.

¶ 63 The Attorney General's argument may be summarized as stating that the correctness of a ballot title need not be settled prior to collection of signatures because (1) the ballot title is not part of the petition when it is submitted to the Attorney General, (2) §§ 9 & 10 do not expressly delay collecting signatures until after a ballot title appeal has been settled, and (3) the petition and the gist of the measure on the signature page sufficiently inform the voters of the proposed measure.

¶ 64 Three bodies of text must be identified: (1) the petition, (2) the gist of the petition which appears on a signature page, and (3) the ballot title, which may, or may not be part of the petition for certain purposes (as we hold today). We have explained that both the gist and the ballot title work together to prevent fraud in the initiative process.64 A petition has "an exact copy of the title and text of the measure inserted."65 The petition and signature sheets together make a pamphlet, and each signature sheet is attached to a copy of the petition and has a gist of the measure on each signature page.66 If "the title" referred to in § 2 that is to be included as part of the circulated petition is not the correct "ballot title," and the correct ballot title need not be included on the circulated petition pamphlet, as indicated by the Attorney General, then one purpose of a ballot title in limiting fraud, deceit, and corruption in the initiative process would be severely limited.

¶ 65 The Attorney General correctly observes that the ballot title is treated as separate from the initiative petition in 34 O.S. § 9. The ballot title is also treated as part of the petition in 34 O.S. § 2. Giving effect to both of these provisions means that the ballot title is not part of the petition for the purpose of a ballot title appeal, but a ballot title is part of the initiative petition in 34 O.S. § 2, and thus part of the petition that is duplicated for securing signatures in 34 O.S. § 3.

¶ 66 Section 9(D)(1) clearly provides for filing the ballot title with the Secretary of State prior to collecting signatures. If an appeal is taken from the ballot title, then the Secretary of State certifies to the Secretary of the State Election Board the ballot title that is "finally approved by the Supreme Court." 34 O.S. § 9(D)(2).

¶ 67 Section 8(E) provides in part that:

34 O.S.2011 § 8(E), in part, emphasis added.

Proponents argue that "sufficiency of the petition" should include determination of a proper ballot tide. While we agree that § 8(E) applies to a ballot title appeal and that the 90-day period to collect signatures commences after the ballot title appeal, our reasons are not those of Proponents.

¶ 68 The Attorney General is correct that the statutory scheme distinguishes a protest challenging the sufficiency of a petition from a protest (or appeal) of the ballot title, and this distinction is expressly made in § 8(B) where the separate authority for an appeal of the ballot title in § 10 is noted.67

34 O.S.2011 § 8(B), in part, and emphasis added.

The Attorney General also argues that a "petition" does not include the ballot title, because a "ballot title" is submitted on a separate piece of paper "and shall not be deemed part of the petition." 34 O.S.2011 § 9(B).68 Two responses to this argument by the Attorney General are necessary. First, even with a statutory distinction between appeals on a ballot title and appeals on the legal sufficiency of a petition, one statute for a ballot title appeal states that the procedures which are part of a 34 O.S. § 8 appeal on a petition are also applicable to a ballot title appeal

34 O.S.2011 § 11. emphasis added.

The procedure in § 8(E)69 states that signatures will not be collected until after a protest to a petition is finally determined. There is no express provision in the ballot title statutes for the ninety-day signature collection period as occurring either during or after a ballot title appeal. We thus hold that § 8(E) procedure for collecting signatures in a ninety-day period at the conclusion of a protest to a petition is also applicable to a ballot title appeal.

¶ 69 We also note that the Attorney General correctly identifies three types of legal proceedings involving initiative petitions: (1) protest to the constitutionality of the petition [§ 8(B) proceeding], (2) protest to the ballot title [§§ 8(B) & 10 proceeding], and (3) an objection to the signature count [§ 8(H) proceeding]. The approach to these proceedings taken by the Attorney General would result in different times to commence collecting signatures based upon whether a protest to a petition was combined with a ballot title protest. According to the Attorney General, if only a ballot title protest is filed, then the 90-day period is not stayed pending resolution of the ballot title appeal On the other hand, if a protest to the petition is combined with a ballot title protest, then the 90-day period does not commence until the protest to the petition is determined, which may or may not be the same date the Court decides the ballot title appeal; but in any event the date of any judicial decision(s) for commencing the ninety-day period would be different than for a ballot title. The last sentence of 34 O.S. § 11 requires more uniformity in procedure than that suggested by the Attorney General The second response we have to the argument by the Attorney General is that the ballot title, that is the correct ballot title, must be part of the petition which in turn is part of the circulated pamphlet.70 A correct ballot title on the face of the initiative petition which is used during collection of signatures helps to prevent fraud and deceit in the initiative process.

¶ 70 A proponent has ninety days to collect signatures and file them with the Secretary of State. 34 O.S. § 8(E). and 34 O.S.2011 § 4.71 The Attorney General is correct that a proponent gets only one 90-day period to collect signatures. Because of 34 O.S. §§ 2, 3, 8(E) and 11, the ninety-day period commences or begins for Proponents herein in accordance with our holding in In re Initiative Petition No. 315, supra, where we stated that when a ballot title appeal has occurred the time to collect signatures does not begin until completion of that appeal. Id. 649 P.2d at 553.

V. Conclusion and Rehearing

¶ 71 We hold that: 1. A proponent of an initiative petition must file or submit a copy of the initiative petition and a copy of the ballot title to the Attorney General when the proponent files the initiative petition and ballot title with the Secretary of State, 34 O.S. § 9(A) & (B); 2. The Attorney General must file a response to a ballot title within five business days from the date the ballot title is filed with the Secretary of State, 34 O.S. § 9(D); 3. The Attorney General's § 9(D) response to a ballot title is statutorily effective although the Attorney General's response was filed two days late; 4. A proponent of an initiative who challenges a ballot title prepared by the Attorney General has the burden to show that the Attorney General's ballot title is legally incorrect, or is not impartial, or fails to accurately reflect the effects of the proposed initiative; 5. The Attorney General's ballot title challenged in this proceeding is legally correct, impartial, and accurately reflects the effects of the proposed initiative; 6. When a ballot title appeal has been made, a proponent's ninety-day period of time to collect signatures commences when the ballot title appeal is final.

¶ 72 Should any party file a petition for rehearing, it must be filed within five business days from the date this opinion is filed with the Clerk of this Court.72 The first day of this five-day period is the first business day occurring immediately after this opinion is filed with the Clerk. Any party may file a response to a petition for rehearing and a response to a petition for rehearing may be filed within eight (8) business days after the date this opinion is filed with the clerk of this Court. The time limits to file a petition for rehearing and response shall not be extended. If no petition for rehearing is filed within five business days from the date this opinion is filed with the Clerk of this Court, then the opinion shall be final on the sixth business day after the opinion is filed with the Clerk. If any rehearing petition is timely filed within the five-day period, then the opinion shall not become final until all requests for rehearing are adjudicated.

¶ 73 CONCUR: REIF, V.C.J., KAUGER, WATT, WINCHESTER, EDMONDSON, TAYLOR, COMBS, GURICH, JJ.

¶ 74 NOT VOTING: COLBERT, C. J.